Every time I meet someone and they discover that I have never traveled outside of the United States, they are astounded. They cannot understand how someone with as much interest in culture, in religions and languages of the world, has spent his entire life in one country. Well, with the exception of one hours-long stay in Canada, back when US citizens could just walk across the border and back, it's true. To make things worse, I occasionally encounter someone who doesn't even believe that I'm
American. In their opinion, and perhaps in their experience, Americans do not study other languages. Americans do not really care about the cultures of people who live outside of their borders, and most of them don't even want to know much about the various cultures of those living within their borders either. For these people, I'm an enigma.
On the one hand, I feel very lucky to have grown up in the US. As a child in northern New Jersey, not too far from the New York City cosmopolis, I was always surrounded by children whose families came from other parts of the world. My closest friends were Jamaican; my cohort also included Haitians, Puertoricans, Colombians, Trinidadians, Poles, and many others. By the time I was in high school, my friends came from all over the world - every continent represented. Being the sponge that I am when it comes to cultures, I absorbed as much as I could about the places where these other kids were from, not to mention the fascinating mélange of cultures that influence American life. I feel very lucky, indeed.
On the other hand, my soul has always felt constrained with a fierce Wanderlust, together with a feeling of sodade for places that I have never physically visited in this life, but which feel every bit as real to me as the Atlantic coast I have called home for all my 35 years. Sometimes these feelings are so strong that I try to avoid discussing anything cultural with people I have only recently met. It's kind of depressing to be reminded that I haven't gone anywhere. It feels like I haven't done anything with my life, which isn't really true...but Americans tend to care a lot about what someone does rather than who someone is. We place a lot of stock in college degrees (something which I do not have) and professions, as though these alone define a person's worth. I suppose that I, as a product of this culture with all its benefits and its drawbacks, have internalized this notion as well, which fuels the feelings of inadequacy and failure.
In any case, I still want to travel the world. I want to go everywhere. I want to prendre un café in Paris. I want to sway to bossa nova in Rio de Janeiro. I want to browse in a souk in Marrakesh and eat falafel in Tel Aviv.
I want to do so many things! But I don't know how to make them happen. The business of "making a living" is always in the way. It's never the right time. I can't really afford to both take a trip abroad and not work for the time it would take do it. At the same time, I am trying to convince myself that these are superficial excuses, and that I shouldn't hold myself back so much. I don't quite believe it yet, but I'm getting there.
Perhaps the first step would be for me to get a passport. I've never needed one before...but maybe if I actually get one, I will actually use it! I think it's worth a shot. The application is at home...
Wednesday, November 19, 2014
Monday, February 3, 2014
Zero to Hero Day 2: What kind of name is "lingvamanto" anyway?
Welcome to DAY 2 of the "Zero to Hero" blogging challenge, wherein I shall explain the name of this blog. Ready-Set-GO!
So, what kind of name is lingvamanto anyway?
Lingvamanto is an Esperanto word which can be translated into English as "language-lover". I chose to title this blog in Esperanto, an artificial language created in the 19th century, because I was once rather adept at it but have fallen out of practice and I wanted to revive my interest in it and share that interest with others.
One of the reasons Esperanto was invented was to provide a neutral, international, even universal language that all peoples could learn. Because the language itself isn't tied to any particular nation or ethnicity, it was thought that learning it would provide a means by which people of starkly different backgrounds might get to know one another better, thereby avoiding the strife that arises from lack of understanding. You might encounter arguments that Esperanto's fault lies in its eurocentricity, and arguments that counter this view; I will steer clear of such arguments, and just say that I like Esperanto. That's really the only motivation I needed to begin studying it. And I chose it for the title because of its simplicity, and the beauty of its structure.
Lingvamanto is made up of four components or building blocks, which combine to give the idea of the word. Here they are:
Isn't that fascinating? I love how words are built in Esperanto. It sort of reminded me of how German words can be made by sticking different, smaller words together to express the idea you want to get at. Except in Esperanto, you learn roots and other basic building blocks that carry meaning, and put them together at an even more fundamental level. I love it!
People from all over the world with an abundant variety of native cultures all learn Esperanto as an additional language to their own (very few people speak it as a first language) and go out of their way to learn from other cultures, placing other peoples on equal footing with their own. It truly can be an equalizing force, and much less intimidating than attempting to communicate with someone in a national language that isn't your own. In any case, it seemed the perfect language to use for someone primarily familiar with the languages of Europe and with a more than passing interest in the way other language families work, so I used it! It has even proven helpful with my current obsession, Hebrew, which has a system of binyanim or 'building patterns' which tell you how words should be structured. Not quite a 1:1 comparison, but my point is that learning how a simpler language like Esperanto functions is greatly helpful in learning more complex languages.
Esperanto is a great place to start! And there you have it. Lingvamanto means language-lover.
So, what kind of name is lingvamanto anyway?
Lingvamanto is an Esperanto word which can be translated into English as "language-lover". I chose to title this blog in Esperanto, an artificial language created in the 19th century, because I was once rather adept at it but have fallen out of practice and I wanted to revive my interest in it and share that interest with others.
One of the reasons Esperanto was invented was to provide a neutral, international, even universal language that all peoples could learn. Because the language itself isn't tied to any particular nation or ethnicity, it was thought that learning it would provide a means by which people of starkly different backgrounds might get to know one another better, thereby avoiding the strife that arises from lack of understanding. You might encounter arguments that Esperanto's fault lies in its eurocentricity, and arguments that counter this view; I will steer clear of such arguments, and just say that I like Esperanto. That's really the only motivation I needed to begin studying it. And I chose it for the title because of its simplicity, and the beauty of its structure.
Lingvamanto is made up of four components or building blocks, which combine to give the idea of the word. Here they are:
- lingv - a root meaning 'tongue', or 'language'. Consider the English word "linguistics", the study of lanuage.
- am - a root meaning 'love'. Consider the English word "enamored", to be aflow in love.
- ant - an infix indicating an active mood present participle.
- o - a suffix indicating a noun. Together, ant + o = anto, a suffix indicating "one who does or is doing the action of the preceding root", in this case lingv + am = lingvam, or love of language.
Isn't that fascinating? I love how words are built in Esperanto. It sort of reminded me of how German words can be made by sticking different, smaller words together to express the idea you want to get at. Except in Esperanto, you learn roots and other basic building blocks that carry meaning, and put them together at an even more fundamental level. I love it!
People from all over the world with an abundant variety of native cultures all learn Esperanto as an additional language to their own (very few people speak it as a first language) and go out of their way to learn from other cultures, placing other peoples on equal footing with their own. It truly can be an equalizing force, and much less intimidating than attempting to communicate with someone in a national language that isn't your own. In any case, it seemed the perfect language to use for someone primarily familiar with the languages of Europe and with a more than passing interest in the way other language families work, so I used it! It has even proven helpful with my current obsession, Hebrew, which has a system of binyanim or 'building patterns' which tell you how words should be structured. Not quite a 1:1 comparison, but my point is that learning how a simpler language like Esperanto functions is greatly helpful in learning more complex languages.
Esperanto is a great place to start! And there you have it. Lingvamanto means language-lover.
Saturday, February 1, 2014
lingvamanto means language-lover
Welcome to lingvamanto!
My name is Adrian, and I primarily blog about religion and spirituality over at UUXMNR, read "UU Examiner", a moniker I chose for myself years ago while writing for the online edition of the Examiner on topics of interest to Unitarian Uninversalists and other religious liberals. And while religion is a major part of my life, I have many passions relating to other aspects of culture, and one of the primary ones is language.
I have always had a fascination with words. Growing up outside of Manhattan in Northern New Jersey, surrounded by friends from places all over the world, I was accustomed to hearing many different languages and observing many different customs that the other kids and their families had. Rather than be intimidated by the vast assortment of differences, I became drawn to them and have wanted to learn all I can about other people's cultures — and my own! — ever since. One of the most direct ways for me to do this, and one that enjoy immensely, is to learn something about the language(s) they use.
Each language that I study or encounter has particular associations and uses for me; I have varying degrees of comfort and practice with them, depending on their relative relevance to my life at any point in time. But my fascination with communication in general keeps me ever in awe of words and anything having to do with them — vocabulary, grammar, syntax, dialect, register, code-switching — all terms I wish I was more familiar with, but understand to a certain degree. Maybe I'll actually study linguistics some day! For now, I'm content to learn languages whenever I am able, hopefully helping me to understand the world we inhabit a little better with each one. Anyhow, my love for language extends to writing, something that I ought make more time to do.
In an effort to realize this goal, I am partaking in a 30-day Zero to Hero challenge, with encouragement through a Facebook group of fellow Unitarian Universalist bloggers. I hope this helps get me in the habit of writing more frequently and posting my thoughts and experiences with others out there who share my interests. For this first post in the challenge, I will answer the suggested questions to get started. Here goes!
Why are you blogging, rather than keeping a personal journal?
I choose to blog for the simple fact that it provides the opportunity to interact with others, and to find/build a community of people with common interests. When I journal, I write things down on paper that are meaningful at the time I'm writing them. I may gain insight from the practice, and it has a sort of therapeutic quality to it, but if I'm not engaging with others I don't learn as much. Besides, after I've written in a journal I almost never go back and look at what I've written. A blog, at least potentially, can keep the conversation going much longer than the time it takes to write the post itself.
What topics do you think you’ll write about?
Language! Of course. But more broadly, about any aspect of culture influenced by or influencing the way we use words. Perhaps folks with much more formal education than I have can chime in and learn me a thing or two.. *wink* I also hope to use this space to actually practice the language I am familiar with and those that I'm studying. Not everything will be posted in English! I'm really excited about the opportunity to actually use the languages I encounter.
Who would you love to connect with via your blog?
Polyglots. Linguists. People of different cultures who can tell me a thing or two about what makes theirs unique, or interesting, or weird, or embarrassing, or anything! People who are studying English as a foreign language. English speakers who are studying other languages. English speakers studying other varieties of English. ANYONE! Really, I just love learning about the world and everything in it. Tell me about your experience hosteling, or going on safari, or hiking through Europe, or visiting monks in Asia, or riding the subway in New York City. I want to live your experiences vicariously through your stories. Maybe I can write about some of my own. They won't be quite as fabulous, but hopefully all experience is important, and telling stories is how we move forward.
If you blog successfully throughout 2014, what would you hope to have accomplished?
Connection. Learning. Teaching. Improvement in languages I'm just beginning to learn. Maintaining languages I've studied for years but fail to use in daily life. Making writing a necessary part of my every-day practices. Engaging my tribes, and feeling connected to the universe beyond me. I want it all! Ready-set-go...
I hope this project goes well! Thanks for stopping by.
My name is Adrian, and I primarily blog about religion and spirituality over at UUXMNR, read "UU Examiner", a moniker I chose for myself years ago while writing for the online edition of the Examiner on topics of interest to Unitarian Uninversalists and other religious liberals. And while religion is a major part of my life, I have many passions relating to other aspects of culture, and one of the primary ones is language.
I have always had a fascination with words. Growing up outside of Manhattan in Northern New Jersey, surrounded by friends from places all over the world, I was accustomed to hearing many different languages and observing many different customs that the other kids and their families had. Rather than be intimidated by the vast assortment of differences, I became drawn to them and have wanted to learn all I can about other people's cultures — and my own! — ever since. One of the most direct ways for me to do this, and one that enjoy immensely, is to learn something about the language(s) they use.
Each language that I study or encounter has particular associations and uses for me; I have varying degrees of comfort and practice with them, depending on their relative relevance to my life at any point in time. But my fascination with communication in general keeps me ever in awe of words and anything having to do with them — vocabulary, grammar, syntax, dialect, register, code-switching — all terms I wish I was more familiar with, but understand to a certain degree. Maybe I'll actually study linguistics some day! For now, I'm content to learn languages whenever I am able, hopefully helping me to understand the world we inhabit a little better with each one. Anyhow, my love for language extends to writing, something that I ought make more time to do.
In an effort to realize this goal, I am partaking in a 30-day Zero to Hero challenge, with encouragement through a Facebook group of fellow Unitarian Universalist bloggers. I hope this helps get me in the habit of writing more frequently and posting my thoughts and experiences with others out there who share my interests. For this first post in the challenge, I will answer the suggested questions to get started. Here goes!
Why are you blogging, rather than keeping a personal journal?
I choose to blog for the simple fact that it provides the opportunity to interact with others, and to find/build a community of people with common interests. When I journal, I write things down on paper that are meaningful at the time I'm writing them. I may gain insight from the practice, and it has a sort of therapeutic quality to it, but if I'm not engaging with others I don't learn as much. Besides, after I've written in a journal I almost never go back and look at what I've written. A blog, at least potentially, can keep the conversation going much longer than the time it takes to write the post itself.
What topics do you think you’ll write about?
Language! Of course. But more broadly, about any aspect of culture influenced by or influencing the way we use words. Perhaps folks with much more formal education than I have can chime in and learn me a thing or two.. *wink* I also hope to use this space to actually practice the language I am familiar with and those that I'm studying. Not everything will be posted in English! I'm really excited about the opportunity to actually use the languages I encounter.
Who would you love to connect with via your blog?
Polyglots. Linguists. People of different cultures who can tell me a thing or two about what makes theirs unique, or interesting, or weird, or embarrassing, or anything! People who are studying English as a foreign language. English speakers who are studying other languages. English speakers studying other varieties of English. ANYONE! Really, I just love learning about the world and everything in it. Tell me about your experience hosteling, or going on safari, or hiking through Europe, or visiting monks in Asia, or riding the subway in New York City. I want to live your experiences vicariously through your stories. Maybe I can write about some of my own. They won't be quite as fabulous, but hopefully all experience is important, and telling stories is how we move forward.
If you blog successfully throughout 2014, what would you hope to have accomplished?
Connection. Learning. Teaching. Improvement in languages I'm just beginning to learn. Maintaining languages I've studied for years but fail to use in daily life. Making writing a necessary part of my every-day practices. Engaging my tribes, and feeling connected to the universe beyond me. I want it all! Ready-set-go...
I hope this project goes well! Thanks for stopping by.
Saturday, February 16, 2013
Practicing Hebrew #1
שלום! מה שלומכם היום? אני רוצה לדבר בעברית. אני לומד עברית ברכבת בבוקר ובערב. אני רוצה לקנות מחשב חדש, כי המחשב שלי נשבר. החבר שלי ואני הולכים לקונצרט בבולטימור הערב. ערב טוב! להתראות
Shalom! Ma shlomchem ha'yom? Ani rotseh ledaber b'ivrit. Ani lomed ivrit ba'rakevet ba'boker v'ba'erev. Ani rotseh li'knot machshev chadash, ki ha'machshev sheli nishbar. Ha'chaver sheli v'ani holchim l'kontsert b'Baltimore ha'erev. Erev tov! L'hitraot!
Hi! How are all of you today? I want to speak in Hebrew I study Hebrew on the train in the morning and in the evening. I want to buy a new computer, because my computer is broken. My boyfriend and I are going to a concert in Baltimore this evening. Good evening! See ya!
Tuesday, January 17, 2012
Was? Mein deutsch ist nicht ganz PERFEKT?!
I recently stumbled upon a site called Forvo, whose sub-headline claims "All the words in the world. Pronounced."
I can't even begin to describe how excited I was to find it, and I don't even remember how that happened. I was so excited that I made an account right away and started exploring the site and recording pronunciations for as many words as I could in French, German, Esperanto and English.
What I failed to realize in my haste is that the site is intended for native pronunciations only... Or maybe I just ignored the request, believing that anyone can pass as a native if they pronounce things properly.
Well, I was wrong. Not long after I signed up, I received a message from one of the site's editors asking me to refrain from making recordings in German, as it is not my native language, no matter how confident I might feel about my pronunciation. The editor also mentioned that s/he could detect a "slight" accent in my recordings, and for that reason needed to delete all the words I'd pronounced in German.
I don't have much of an ego, but that was certainly a blow! I speak German with a slight accent? I had no idea! At first I was all offended and outraged; but then I realized how ridiculous it was for me to be upset. The site explicitly requests that only native speakers pronounce words in their language for a reason, and it makes sense. Besides, who am I to say that I have no accent in German? I have to accept the word of the editor, a native speaker.
My one consolation in this case is that all the words I pronounced in French are still there for now. Either they were pronounced "perfectly", or a French-speaking editor has not yet had reason to review them and deem them unworthy. Also, because there are almost no native speakers of Esperanto, anyone can post pronunciations in that language, pending peer review (i.e. users across the site can vote on any given word pronunciation as "Good" or "Bad"). Obviously, the English words I recorded can stay. Yippee!
I guess it's a good thing the German-speaking editor got to me before I started recording words in even more languages! I mean, my pronunciation is pretty good IMOSHO, but on this site at least, I'll have to defer to the natives.
You can hear my horrible pronunciations at http://www.forvo.com/user/lingvamanto
I can't even begin to describe how excited I was to find it, and I don't even remember how that happened. I was so excited that I made an account right away and started exploring the site and recording pronunciations for as many words as I could in French, German, Esperanto and English.
What I failed to realize in my haste is that the site is intended for native pronunciations only... Or maybe I just ignored the request, believing that anyone can pass as a native if they pronounce things properly.
Well, I was wrong. Not long after I signed up, I received a message from one of the site's editors asking me to refrain from making recordings in German, as it is not my native language, no matter how confident I might feel about my pronunciation. The editor also mentioned that s/he could detect a "slight" accent in my recordings, and for that reason needed to delete all the words I'd pronounced in German.
I don't have much of an ego, but that was certainly a blow! I speak German with a slight accent? I had no idea! At first I was all offended and outraged; but then I realized how ridiculous it was for me to be upset. The site explicitly requests that only native speakers pronounce words in their language for a reason, and it makes sense. Besides, who am I to say that I have no accent in German? I have to accept the word of the editor, a native speaker.
My one consolation in this case is that all the words I pronounced in French are still there for now. Either they were pronounced "perfectly", or a French-speaking editor has not yet had reason to review them and deem them unworthy. Also, because there are almost no native speakers of Esperanto, anyone can post pronunciations in that language, pending peer review (i.e. users across the site can vote on any given word pronunciation as "Good" or "Bad"). Obviously, the English words I recorded can stay. Yippee!
I guess it's a good thing the German-speaking editor got to me before I started recording words in even more languages! I mean, my pronunciation is pretty good IMOSHO, but on this site at least, I'll have to defer to the natives.
You can hear my horrible pronunciations at http://www.forvo.com/user/lingvamanto
Thoughts about accents
This video, "21 Accents" by Amy Walker, is one of my favorite things to watch on YouTube. I have seen it several times, and am always amazed (and impressed) by the ease with which she glides from one accent into another, not only changing her pronunciation and enunciation but also her facial expressions and mannerisms.
I have always found it enjoyable, and relatively easy, to learn other languages. Regional accents on the other hand have never been my forte, and I'm really bad at doing almost all of them.
When it comes to speaking a "standard" variety of a language, I've been pretty good so far. Most people with whom I have a chance to speak French assume that I'm from France until I do/say something to gives me away as American. I think I have a pretty generic sounding German, but I doubt anyone will think I come from Germany...nevertheless, I might just pass for a few minutes as a native speaker. But ask me to speak French with a Canadian accent or German with a Swiss accent, for example, and I will fail miserably - so I'm always impressed by people who can pull off different accents. I guess we are always impressed by that which we cannot do ourselves, otherwise it would just be ordinary.
Even so, after living among a people for awhile, I do start subconsciously incorporating the local speech patterns and pronunciations whether I want to or not - even to the point of not remembering how a word is "supposed" to be pronounced, i.e. how I pronounced it before my speech changed. This is neither good nor bad in itself, but usually any deviation from "standard" speech brings with it any prejudices that might go along with the given dialect. After living in Baltimore for all these years, there are definitely some words that stand out when I return home to Northern New Jersey! Ah well, such is life.
Sunday, November 13, 2011
The Bahá'í Faith and Esperanto
Today in church we had a service titled Bahá'í and Other Liberal Faith Stories. We had a guest speaker from the Baltimore Bahá'í Community, and in her sharing she stated that Bahá'ís have as one of their ideals the use of an international auxiliary language (!).
If I had known that in the past, I had forgotten. So I looked into it and learned that Bahá'ís have a history with Esperanto! Although, apparently, no Bahá'í has ever officially suggested that they promote Esperanto itself as the world language for this age, nevertheless many have embraced the language as a suitable one.
Back in the day, when I was researching different religions in an effort to find a new spiritual home, I boiled down my options to two things - the Bahá'í Faith, and Unitarian Universalism. Obviously, I chose the latter for reasons I won't get into here (and I'm still going strong as the UUXMNR all these years later!), but this little snippet of information in today's service fascinated me! I'm looking forward to working together with Bahá'ís in the future...maybe I can help with the planning for next year's celebrations, commemorating the centennial anniversary of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá's visit to my congregation while touring the United States in 1912. Maybe I can find a local Bahá'í Esperantist to chat with...who knows?!
Check out the Wikipedia article on Bahá'í Faith and Esperanto
Je la hodiaŭa diservo, titolita Bahaismo kaj Aliaj Liberalaj Fido-rakontoj, estis gasta lektoro de la Baltimora Bahaa Komunumo. Dum ŝia parolo deklaris ŝi ke Bahaanoj jesas, kiel principo, la usadon de ia internacia help-lingvo (!).
Se mi iufoje sciis tion, mi tuj forgesis – do mi esploris la aferon kaj lernis ke Bahaanoj havas historion kun Esperanto! Kvankam neniu Bahaano laŭraporte proponis oficiale ke oni antaŭenpuŝu Esperanton mem kiel monda lingvo de tiu ĉi epoko, multaj tamen estas alprenintaj tiun lingvon kiel taŭga.
Pasintepoke, kiam mi estis esploranta diversajn religiojn, klopodante malkovri novan spiritan hejmon, tiam mi limigis miajn opciojn al du alternativoj – la Bahaismo kaj la Unitaria Universalismo. Evidente mi elektis la lastan (la kialon mi ne nune klarigas ĉi tie), kaj mi daŭre forte estas la UUXMNR post tiom da jaroj; sed tiu eta informaĵero donata je la diservo vere fascinis min! Mi antaŭĝojas pri laboradi kune kun Bahaanoj estonte…eble mi povos helpi kun la planado de la venontjara festado por soleni la jarcentan datrevenon de la vizito de ‘Abdu’l-Bahá ĉe mia preĝejo dum li turneis Usonon en la jaro 1912. Eble mi povas trovi lokan bahaan esperantiston kun kiu babili…kiu ja scias?!
Legu pli pri Esperanto en la Bahaa Komunumo
If I had known that in the past, I had forgotten. So I looked into it and learned that Bahá'ís have a history with Esperanto! Although, apparently, no Bahá'í has ever officially suggested that they promote Esperanto itself as the world language for this age, nevertheless many have embraced the language as a suitable one.
Back in the day, when I was researching different religions in an effort to find a new spiritual home, I boiled down my options to two things - the Bahá'í Faith, and Unitarian Universalism. Obviously, I chose the latter for reasons I won't get into here (and I'm still going strong as the UUXMNR all these years later!), but this little snippet of information in today's service fascinated me! I'm looking forward to working together with Bahá'ís in the future...maybe I can help with the planning for next year's celebrations, commemorating the centennial anniversary of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá's visit to my congregation while touring the United States in 1912. Maybe I can find a local Bahá'í Esperantist to chat with...who knows?!
Check out the Wikipedia article on Bahá'í Faith and Esperanto
Je la hodiaŭa diservo, titolita Bahaismo kaj Aliaj Liberalaj Fido-rakontoj, estis gasta lektoro de la Baltimora Bahaa Komunumo. Dum ŝia parolo deklaris ŝi ke Bahaanoj jesas, kiel principo, la usadon de ia internacia help-lingvo (!).
Se mi iufoje sciis tion, mi tuj forgesis – do mi esploris la aferon kaj lernis ke Bahaanoj havas historion kun Esperanto! Kvankam neniu Bahaano laŭraporte proponis oficiale ke oni antaŭenpuŝu Esperanton mem kiel monda lingvo de tiu ĉi epoko, multaj tamen estas alprenintaj tiun lingvon kiel taŭga.
Pasintepoke, kiam mi estis esploranta diversajn religiojn, klopodante malkovri novan spiritan hejmon, tiam mi limigis miajn opciojn al du alternativoj – la Bahaismo kaj la Unitaria Universalismo. Evidente mi elektis la lastan (la kialon mi ne nune klarigas ĉi tie), kaj mi daŭre forte estas la UUXMNR post tiom da jaroj; sed tiu eta informaĵero donata je la diservo vere fascinis min! Mi antaŭĝojas pri laboradi kune kun Bahaanoj estonte…eble mi povos helpi kun la planado de la venontjara festado por soleni la jarcentan datrevenon de la vizito de ‘Abdu’l-Bahá ĉe mia preĝejo dum li turneis Usonon en la jaro 1912. Eble mi povas trovi lokan bahaan esperantiston kun kiu babili…kiu ja scias?!
Legu pli pri Esperanto en la Bahaa Komunumo
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